{"id":112,"date":"2026-10-23T16:36:10","date_gmt":"2026-10-23T16:36:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/francodev.live\/blog\/?p=112"},"modified":"2026-10-23T16:40:06","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T16:40:06","slug":"particulas-en-japones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/francodev.live\/blog\/particulas-en-japones\/","title":{"rendered":"Part\u00edculas en japon\u00e9s: \u306f, \u304c, \u3092, \u306b, \u3067 y m\u00e1s explicadas en espa\u00f1ol"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las part\u00edculas son peque\u00f1as palabras que van despu\u00e9s de un sustantivo e indican qu\u00e9 papel cumple en la frase. En espa\u00f1ol usamos el orden y las preposiciones; en japon\u00e9s, las part\u00edculas. Si las entiendes, el resto de la gram\u00e1tica encaja solo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Resumen de las 10 part\u00edculas b\u00e1sicas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Part\u00edcula<\/th><th>Lectura<\/th><th>Funci\u00f3n principal<\/th><th>Equivalente aproximado<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u306f<\/td><td>wa<\/td><td>Marca el tema<\/td><td>\u201cen cuanto a\u2026\u201d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u304c<\/td><td>ga<\/td><td>Marca el sujeto \/ informaci\u00f3n nueva<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u3092<\/td><td>o<\/td><td>Marca el objeto directo<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u306b<\/td><td>ni<\/td><td>Destino, hora, lugar donde algo est\u00e1<\/td><td>a, en<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u3067<\/td><td>de<\/td><td>Lugar donde ocurre la acci\u00f3n, medio<\/td><td>en, con<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u3078<\/td><td>e<\/td><td>Direcci\u00f3n<\/td><td>hacia<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u306e<\/td><td>no<\/td><td>Posesi\u00f3n, conexi\u00f3n<\/td><td>de<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u3068<\/td><td>to<\/td><td>Y (lista cerrada), con<\/td><td>y, con<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u3082<\/td><td>mo<\/td><td>Tambi\u00e9n<\/td><td>tambi\u00e9n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u304b<\/td><td>ka<\/td><td>Pregunta<\/td><td>\u00bf\u2026?<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u306f (wa): el tema de la frase<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u306f presenta de qu\u00e9 est\u00e1s hablando. Se escribe \u306f pero se pronuncia \u201cwa\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f \u304c\u304f\u305b\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u2014 Yo soy estudiante.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u304d\u3087\u3046\u306f \u3042\u3064\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u2014 Hoy hace calor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u304c (ga): el sujeto e informaci\u00f3n nueva<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u304c se\u00f1ala qui\u00e9n hace algo o qu\u00e9 existe, sobre todo cuando es informaci\u00f3n nueva. Tambi\u00e9n se usa con \u3059\u304d (gustar), \u308f\u304b\u308b (entender) y \u3042\u308b \/ \u3044\u308b (haber).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u306d\u3053\u304c \u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u2014 Hay un gato.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u3060\u308c\u304c \u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3002\u305f\u306a\u304b\u3055\u3093\u304c \u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u2014 \u00bfQui\u00e9n vino? Vino Tanaka.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f \u3059\u3057\u304c \u3059\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u2014 Me gusta el sushi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u306f vs \u304c en una frase<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Piensa que \u306f responde a \u201c\u00bfde qu\u00e9 hablamos?\u201d y \u304c responde a \u201c\u00bfqui\u00e9n \/ qu\u00e9 exactamente?\u201d. En \u308f\u305f\u3057\u306f \u3059\u3057\u304c \u3059\u304d\u3067\u3059, el tema es \u201cyo\u201d y lo que gusta es \u201csushi\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3092 (o): el objeto directo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Marca lo que recibe la acci\u00f3n. Se escribe \u3092 pero se pronuncia \u201co\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u30d1\u30f3\u3092 \u305f\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u2014 Como pan.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u3048\u3044\u304c\u3092 \u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u2014 Veo una pel\u00edcula.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u306b (ni): destino, hora y existencia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u304c\u3063\u3053\u3046\u306b \u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u2014 Voy a la escuela.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u3057\u3061\u3058\u306b \u304a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u2014 Me levanto a las siete.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u3078\u3084\u306b \u306d\u3053\u304c \u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u2014 Hay un gato en la habitaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3067 (de): d\u00f3nde pasa la acci\u00f3n y con qu\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u3068\u3057\u3087\u304b\u3093\u3067 \u3079\u3093\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u2014 Estudio en la biblioteca.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u30d0\u30b9\u3067 \u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u2014 Voy en autob\u00fas.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u306f\u3057\u3067 \u305f\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u2014 Como con palillos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Truco: \u306b es el lugar donde algo <strong>est\u00e1<\/strong> o <strong>adonde va<\/strong>; \u3067 es el lugar donde algo <strong>se hace<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3078, \u306e, \u3068, \u3082 y \u304b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u306b\u307b\u3093\u3078 \u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u2014 Voy hacia Jap\u00f3n (\u3078 se pronuncia \u201ce\u201d).<\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e \u307b\u3093 \u2014 Mi libro (el libro de m\u00ed).<\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u3068\u3082\u3060\u3061\u3068 \u3048\u3044\u304c\u3092 \u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u2014 Veo una pel\u00edcula con un amigo.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u308f\u305f\u3057\u3082 \u304c\u304f\u305b\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u2014 Yo tambi\u00e9n soy estudiante.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u3053\u308c\u306f \u306a\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002 \u2014 \u00bfQu\u00e9 es esto?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Errores t\u00edpicos de hispanohablantes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Usar \u3067 para decir d\u00f3nde est\u00e1 algo: \u2717 \u3078\u3084\u3067 \u306d\u3053\u304c \u3044\u307e\u3059 \u2192 \u2713 \u3078\u3084\u306b \u306d\u3053\u304c \u3044\u307e\u3059.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Poner \u3092 con \u3059\u304d: \u2717 \u3059\u3057\u3092 \u3059\u304d\u3067\u3059 \u2192 \u2713 \u3059\u3057\u304c \u3059\u304d\u3067\u3059.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Traducir palabra por palabra: en japon\u00e9s el verbo va siempre al final.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sigue aprendiendo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/francodev.live\/blog\/saludos-en-japones\/\">Saludos en japon\u00e9s: 20 expresiones b\u00e1sicas y cu\u00e1ndo usarlas<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/francodev.live\/blog\/jlpt-n5-guia\/\">JLPT N5: qu\u00e9 es, c\u00f3mo se aprueba y plan de estudio para hispanohablantes<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/francodev.live\/blog\/aprender-japones-leyendo-cuentos\/\">C\u00f3mo aprender japon\u00e9s leyendo cuentos (aunque seas principiante)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/francodev.live\/blog\/hiragana-tabla-completa\/\">Hiragana: tabla completa y c\u00f3mo aprenderlo en 7 d\u00edas<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Practica con cuentos en japon\u00e9s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La mejor manera de interiorizar las part\u00edculas es verlas repetidas en contexto. En Historias en Japon\u00e9s Espa\u00f1ol cada cuento de nivel N5 y N4 tiene furigana, audio y traducci\u00f3n frase por frase, as\u00ed ves c\u00f3mo funciona cada part\u00edcula sin memorizar reglas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/historiasenjapones.com\">Descargar gratis (iOS y Android)<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gu\u00eda de las part\u00edculas en japon\u00e9s para hispanohablantes: \u306f, \u304c, \u3092, \u306b, \u3067, \u3078, \u306e, \u3068, \u3082 y \u304b con ejemplos, diferencias y errores comunes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":119,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aprender-japones"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - 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